Saudi Arabian Legal and Justice System

Criminal and radiation pattern of law procedures are broadly recognizable al to the highest degree over (even in Saudi-Arabian Arabia). The police force may be highly "civilianized" and legal procedures be more or less scrupulously observed. Or the police may be paramilitary, and observe the law largely in the breach. only if the organization, training, even uniforms of the police are almost everywhere of Western origin, save in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia has horse opera sandwichstyle police, scarcely important parts of law enforcement and police jurisdiction were until recently, and to a degree still are entrusted to forces of all different origin, organization, training, and even appearance: the socalled Committees for the Propagation of honor and the Prevention of Vice, more commonly called the religious police (Lacey, 1982).

Likewise, in the world at large, the typical penalisation of relatively thoughtful crime is a jail or prison sentence. penal discipline and environments may be relatively mild or they may be brutal. Sentences may be long or relatively short. Some countries carry out many closing sentences for the most serious

crimes;* some carry out none, but worldwide, the typical sanction for crime is time. In Saudi Arabia, however, the most typical punishment is corporal punishment, ranging from public flogging to the acrid off of hands or other extremities. Capital punishment is administered (literally) by the sword, or for some offenses by stoning to deat

Kerr, Malcolm H. (1966). Islamic Reform. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.

Abdul Aziz used western technology, such as automobiles and aircraft, in the later stages of his war of reconquest.

But western cultural influence was slight, and was viewed with suspicion from the beginning by the leaders of the Wahhabi religious movement, who continued (and continue) to be highly influential. A militant Wahhabi movement, the Ikhwan, provided much of the military force of the Saudi reconquest, though it was later suppressed by Abdul Aziz.

In Islamic tradition, this libertarian practice applied to the role of judge, qadi. No sharp distinction was do between judges and "arbiters;" a qadi might be concur to by parties to a dispute, and he would first seek to pay the affair by consent before issuing a fatwa, or religious opinion.

How well does the Saudi system of jurist work? Its punishments and some of its procedures are outrageous to us, but Saudis steer pride in the absense of lawlessness in their society. In fact, statistics attest that crime is quite low by American standards, though crime rates have increased sharply in recent years. Between 1975 and 1979, account crime increased by 169 percent. Forty percent of all crime involved foreigners, chiefly workers from other Muslim countries in the Third World. Most murders were reported to be due to vendettas or affairs of family honor (alYassani, 1985: 115).

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